Is Bruxism a Problem?
Bruxism
Periodic grinding of the teeth is perfectly normal. In cases where a patient is chronically grinding their teeth, they may suffer from bruxism. In many cases, patients grind their teeth in response to a stressful situation such as being late for something important or seeing something concerning. There are many situations which can cause stress or anxiety, and our body responds by clenching their jaws or grinding their teeth together. When the grinding occurs persistently and without the patient being aware of the habit, it can cause issues. Symptoms such as tension headaches, pain in the ear of jaw, sensitivity, and damaged teeth are all common with grinding of the teeth. These symptoms may also suggest the patient has an issue which needs to be addressed.
Types of Bruxism
Bruxism is the medical term used to describe teeth grinding. It is defined as the unconscious clenching or grinding of the teeth. There are two different types of bruxism which includes daytime or awake bruxism and sleep bruxism. As suggested by the names, daytime bruxism occurs when patients unconsciously grind their teeth while they are awake. Sleep bruxism occurs when patients grind or clench their teeth while they are asleep. In some cases, sleep bruxism along with other types of sleep disorders including snoring or sleep apnea.
Because many patients are unaware of the condition, it is somewhat challenging to determine how many people are affected. Some studies estimate that between 8 and 10% of adults experience sleep bruxism. Sleep bruxism is also more common in children and younger patients than in adults.
Side Effects
Bruxism may not cause serious issues and may simply be the body’s response to stress. If it is a short-lived habit or when the stress is circumstantial, it often goes away without treatment. In more severe cases of bruxism, it can cause serious damage to the teeth and jaw. Over time, the teeth are worn down from the extreme pressure of continuous grinding. This can result in side effects such as damaged tooth enamel, pain in the face or jaw, tension headaches, pain in the ears, and TMJ.
Causes
The specific cause or causes of bruxism are not known. There are, however, certain things which can increase a patient’s risk of bruxism. There are connections between bruxism and things such as stress, anxiety, anger, frustration, and tension. These can be related to mental or physical stress, consumption of alcohol or caffeine, smoking cigarettes, snoring and sleep apnea, in addition to extreme fatigue or chronically poor sleep habits.
Treatment
Because the specific causes of bruxism are not known, there are various treatments used for the condition. Patients who are suffering from bruxism may decide to start by minimizing stress or finding ways to properly handle stress. It can also be helpful for patients to have a pre-bedtime routine. This may involve stretching the shoulders, neck, and jaw, avoiding coffee or certain foods, and generally practicing good sleeping habits. Patients who do not know the cause of their bruxism may opt to use a night guard which can help protect their teeth from the extreme forces. Bruxism often goes away on its own in young children without requiring any type of treatment.
Patients who are suffering from severe or persistent bruxism should contact the dentist to discuss management and treatment of the condition. The dental professional will complete an examination to determine if there is damage to the teeth, mouth, and jaw. In some cases, the dentist will ask patients to make multiple visits to determine if the condition improves and to review if treatment is needed.