Partial vs Full Coverage Crowns
It is essential for your dentist to evaluate the condition of the damaged tooth and weigh several factors when determining whether a full coverage crown or partial coverage, an inlay or onlay, is your best solution. Each restoration will have its own benefits and indications. The choice depends on your specific clinical situation.
Tooth Damage Extent
The amount of damage to the tooth is a critical factor in deciding the appropriate restoration. A full coverage crown is applied when a significant part of the tooth is compromised or damaged, such as extensive decay, fractures, or large fillings. The full coverage crown will cover the entire part of the tooth visible above the gumline, providing maximum protection and support to the weakened tooth. In comparision, inlays and onlays are usually used for more conservative solutions when any damage is limited to just a smaller portion of the tooth. Inlays are used within the grooves of the surface of the tooth, while onlays will extend up and over one of the cusps of the tooth.
Preservation of Tooth Structure
Preserving the natural tooth structure is a fundamental principle in the field of dentistry. In some cases, a partial coverage restoration such as an inlay or onlay could be preferred because their application requires minimal reduction of the healthy tooth structure. With a full coverage crown solution, the damaged tooth must be reduced in size to accommodate the actual thickness of the restoration, which means more aggressive enamel removal. Partials are more conservative and can provide preservation of the tooth's natural integrity.
Strength and Durability
Full coverage crowns provide greater strength and durability compared to partial inlays and onlays. Since crowns fully cover the entire tooth, they provide excellent protection and support, making them perfect for seriously damaged or weakened teeth. Partial inlays and onlays are more appropriate for moderately damaged teeth since they provide a good balance between added strength and preservation of the tooth structure.
Aesthetic Considerations
For teeth in the natural aesthetic zone, which are your front teeth visible when you are smiling, the decision between using a full coverage crown or a partial may be influenced by the desired cosmetic goal. Full coverage crowns can be created from various materials, including all-ceramic options which will closely match your natural tooth color, providing excellent aesthetics. Continued advancements in dental technology have also made it possible to create aesthetically pleasing partials that will blend with your natural tooth color.
Tooth Function
The functionality of the weakened tooth is crucial when choosing either a full coverage crown or a partial inlay or onlay. If the tooth is subjected to extensive chewing forces or is needed to support a dental bridge, a crown may be the preferred choice for its superior strength. Partial inlays or onlays are a better choice for teeth with just moderate chewing forces, as they offer adequate reinforcement while still preserving more of the natural tooth structure.
Your Preference and Budget
As with most dental treatments, your preference and budget considerations will be considered. Full coverage crowns are more expensive than inlays and onlays because of the extent of the procedure and the materials used. You might prefer a more conservative approach if your budget is an issue, and in such cases, inlays or onlays can be a viable option for you.